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Iltutmish trained his eldest child Nasiruddin Mahmud to succeed him, but he died in 1229. This posed a challenge to the Turkish nobles’ claimed monopoly of power. She appointed an Ethiopian slave named Jalal-ud-din Yaqut as her attendant and began placing her most significant trust in him. When she appeared in public, whether in court or on the battlefield, she dressed as a man. To rule the country, she shed her femininity and donned a more masculine look. Razia Sultana consolidated her country’s law and order. Razia sultana was Iltutmish’s eldest daughter and most likely his firstborn child. Razia’s mother – Turkan Khatun – was the chief wife of Iltutmish and Qutb al-Din Aibak. Razia was born to Shamsuddin Iltutmish, a Turkic slave (mamluk) of his predecessor Qutb al-Din Aibak, to the Delhi Sultan Shamsuddin Iltutmish. She married one of the rebels, Ikhtiyaruddin Altunia, and tried to reclaim the throne, but was thwarted by her half-brother and successor Muizuddin Bahram in October that year and was murdered soon after. She overthrown by a party of nobility in April 1240, after having reigned for less than four years.
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This, coupled with her selections of non-Turkic officials to critical positions, led to their hatred towards her. The Turkic nobility who backed her intended her to remain a figurehead, but she gradually pushed her authority. And it is said that at night of 13th October 1240 robbers killed them.Razia’s ascent oppos a segment of nobility, some of whom decided to join her, while the rest defeated. They took shelter at Kaithal after being abandoned by their army. They attacked Delhi and unfortunately badly defeated. To regain the lost empire, Altunia and Razia combined their army for the common enemy. In the mean time, the nobles in Delhi appointed Razia’s half-brother, Muiz ud din Bahram as her successor. She went to suppress his revolt in which Yahut was murdered and Razia was captured. Hearing this, Altunia immediately revolted against her. They spread rumors about her affair with Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, an Abyssinian Siddi (Habshi) slave. Her male dominant court members could not tolerate orders given by a woman.
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Razia is also famous for her involvement and legends with her lover and later turned husband, Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, who was then the governor of Bhatinda. According to Minhaj-i-Siraj, she was “sagacious, just, beneficent, the patron of the learned, a dispenser of justice, the cherisher of her subjects, and of warlike talent, and endowed with all the admirable attributes and qualifications necessary for a king”. Razia was an efficient ruler and possessed all the qualities of a ruler. On 10th November 1236, she created history to be the first and the last woman who sat on the throne of Delhi. In this situation, she declared herself as the lawful successor after deposing and assassinating both of them. Ruknuddin ruled briefly for seven months with the help of his mother Shah-i-Turkan but all efforts went in vain. Iltutmish died in 1236, and due to court intrigues Ruknuddin Firoz was made the sultan of Delhi. He became the first and last Delhi sultan to make a woman his successor. On his return in 1231, Iltutmish was highly impressed to see the administration of Razia. Razia performed her duty diligently while her half brother proved to be worthless. Before his departure he made his daughter Razia and another son Ruknuddin Firoz as his lawful reagent of Delhi.
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In 1230, Iltutmish led a campaign against Gwalior and due to which he had to leave his capital Delhi. And his other sons were worthless due to debauchery. Unfortunately, in 1229 CE her brother Nasiruddin Mahmud passed away. At the same time her brother Nasiruddin Mahmud too was groomed by Iltutmish to succeed him.ĭestiny had some other plans. That is how she gradually learned the skills to run an empire. Being the favorite child, she was allowed to be next to her father during the administrative proceedings of the court. Iltutmish, her father was made the Sultan of Delhi. When she was five years of age, Qutubuddin Aibak died after a fall from the horse while playing polo. Razia Sultana was born in 1205, and was the favorite daughter of Shamshuddin Iltutmish.